罗伯特· R·雷德菲尔德教授简介
罗伯特· R·雷德菲尔德 医学博士
学术职称：教授
一级单位：医学院
二级单位：人类病毒学研究所，微生物学和免疫学
行政职称：传染病学科主任
其他职称：人类病毒学研究所临床服务和研究部部长;人类病毒研究所副所长;医学部传染病研究负责人;医学部临床医学副主席
研究领域
雷德菲尔德博士积极致力于人类慢性病毒感染的临床研究和临床治疗，尤其是HIV感染。他的主要研究领域是研制新型生物疗法治疗慢性病毒病原体疾病，尤其是具有潜在治疗价值的针对宿主细胞特异路径的疗法。其他转化医学研究领域包括：针对核苷酸生物合成的关键生化途径以提高抗逆转录药物治疗效果;靶向细胞活化并阻滞特定细胞周期的主要治疗策略;利用G1细胞周期阻滞剂来降低主要HIV宿主细胞受体的表达;利用G1细胞周期阻滞来提高HIV进入抑制剂的抗病毒活性;使用HIV蛋白作为治疗疫苗。
雷德菲尔德博士同时还积极进行临床研究，包括HIV替代治疗策略，以提高治疗效果，并进行新的抗病毒药物在艾滋病治疗作用方面的评估。他领导的临床研究机构已经进行了超过30次干预试验。雷德菲尔德博士的研究的最终目标是为美国及包括发展中国家在内各国艾滋病感染者及其他慢性病毒感染者，提供可持续的治疗方法。
目前，雷德菲尔德博士主持了一系列广泛的临床研究项目，，向巴尔的摩-华盛顿地区的超过4000名患者提供HIV护理和治疗。他还主持了美国“总统艾滋病紧急救援计划”的一个治疗项目，在非洲和加勒比地区的9个国家开展，为多达50000名的HIV人群提供高效抗逆转录病毒治疗。有针对性的项目评估和操作性的研究提高了治疗项目的效果。
雷德菲尔德博士是美国总统艾滋病顾问委员会的成员，同时他也是该委员会国际分部的主席。他刚刚完成在美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)艾滋病研究办公室顾问委员会和美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)Fogarty国际中心顾问委员会的任职。
Academic Title: Professor
Primary Appointment: Medicine
Secondary Appointments: Institute of Human Virology, Microbiology and Immunology
Administrative Title: Division Head, Infectious Diseases
Additional Title(s): Director, Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology; Associate Director, Institute of Human Virology; Chief of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Vice Chair of Medicine for Clinical Affairs, Department of Medicine
Research Interests:
Dr. Redfield has been actively engaged in clinical research and clinical care of chronic human viral infections, especially HIV. His dominant area of research interest is the development of novel biological approaches to the treatment of chronic viral pathogens with a particular focus of targeting host cell pathways for their therapeutic potential. Several novel areas under active translation investigation include: targeting key biochemical pathways of nucleotide biosynthesis to enhance activity of specific antiretroviral medication; targeting cell activation with specific cell cycles as a primary treatment target; use of G1 cell cycle agents to down regulate expression of key HIV host cell receptors; use of G1 cell cycles to enhance antiviral activity of HIV entry inhibitors; and the use of HIV specific proteins as therapeutic vaccines.
Dr. Redfield is also actively involved in clinical research focused on the evaluation of alterative HIV-treatment strategies designed to improve treatment outcome and the evaluation of new commercially developed antiviral medications. The clinical research unit which he oversees has more than 30 active intervention trials. Dr. Redfield’s research focus is driven by his goal to develop durable treatment for persons living with HIV infection and other chronic viral infections in the US and throughout the world, including resource-limited settings.
Presently, Dr. Redfield oversees an extensive clinical program providing HIV care and treatment to more than 4,000 patients in the Baltimore–Washington community. He also oversees an extensive care and treatment program as part of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, which is active in 9 countries in Africa and the Caribbean and is now providing ARV treatment to more than 50,000 perople living with HIV. Treatment programs outcome improvement is driven by targeted program evaluation and operational research.
Dr Redfield serves as a member of the Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS as well as being the Chair of the International Subcommittee. He has also recently completed terms on NIH’s Advisory Council for the Office of AIDS Research and the Advisory Board of the NIH’s Fogarty International Center.
Publications:
Redfield R R, Markham PD, Salahuddin SZ, Sarngadharan MG, Bodner AJ, Folks TM, Ballou WR, Wright DC, Gallo RC. Frequent Transmission of HTLV-III Among Spouses of Patients with AIDS-Related Complex and AIDS. JAMA 1985; 253(11):1571-1573.
Redfield R R, Markham PD, Salahuddin SZ, Wright DC, Sarngadharan MG, Gallo RC. Heterosexually Acquired HTLV III/LAV Disease (AIDS-Related Complex and AIDS). JAMA 1985; 254 (15); 2094-2096.
Redfield R R, Wright DC, Tramont EC. The Walter Reed Staging Classification for HTLV-III, LAV Infection. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 131-132.
Redfield R R, Birx DL, Ketter N, Polonis V, Davis C, Smith G, Johnson S, Fowler A, Brundage JF, Wierzba T, Shafferman A, Volvovitz F, Oster C, Tramont EC, Burke DS. HIV Vaccine Therapy Phase I Safety and Immunogenicity Evaluation of Post Infection Immune Modification by Active Immunization with Recombinant GP 160. N Eng J Med.1991; 324: 1677-1684.
Michael N, Morrow P, Mosca J, Vahey MT, Burke DS, Redfield R R. Induction of HIV-1 Expression in Chronically Infected Cells is Associated Primarily with a Shift in RNA Spacing Patterns. J Virology 1991: 65 (7084).
Michael NL, Vahey M, Burke DS, Redfield R R. Viral DNA and mRNA Expression Correlate with the State of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Infection in Humans: Evidence for Viral Replication in all Stages of HIV Disease. J of Virology 1992; 66 (1): 310-316.
Michael NL, d’Arcy L, Ehrenberg PK, Vahey MT, Birx DL, Redfield R R. 1994. Naturally Occurring Genotypes of the HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat Display, A Wide Range of Transcriptional Competency. J of Virology 1994; 68: 3163-3174.
Margolis D, Heredia A, Gaywee J, Drusano G, Oldach D, Redfield R R Abacavir and mycophenolic acid, an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, have profound and synergistic anti-HIV activity. J AIDS. 1999;21:362-370.
Heredia A, Margolis D, Oldach D, Hazen R, Nhut L, Redfield R. Abacavir in combination with the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH)-inhibitor mycophenolic acid is active against multidrug-resistant HIV-1. J AIDS. 1999;22:406-412.
Birx DL, Loomis-Price LD, Aronson N, Brundage J, Davis C, Deyton L, Garner R, Gordin F, Henry D, Holloway W, Kerkering T, Luskin-Hawk R, McNeil J, Michael N, Foster Pierce P, Poretz D, Ratto-Kim S, Renzullo P, Ruiz N, Sitz K, Smith G, Tacket C, Thompson M, Tramont E, Yangco B, Yarrish R, Redfield RR. Efficacy testing of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp160 as a therapeutic vaccine in early-stage HIV-1-infected volunteers. rgp160 Phase II Vaccine Investigators. J Infect Dis. 2000; 181:881-9.
Heredia A, Davis C, Redfield RR. Synergistic inhibition of HIV-1 in activated and resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and selected drug-resistant isolates with nucleoside analogues combined with a natural product, Resveratrol. J AIDS. 2000; JAIDS, 2000; 25(3):246-255.
Davis C, Heredia A, Le N, Dominique JK, Redfield RR. Differential Human Immunodeficiency Virus-suppressive Activity of Reverse Transcription Inhibitors in Resting and Activated Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. JHV. May/June 2001;4(3):113-22.
Heredia A, Davis C, Amoroso A, Dominique JK, Le N, Klingebiel E, Reardon E, Zella D, Redfield RR. Induction of G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Results in Increased Extracellular Levels of RANTES, MIP-1α and MIP-1β: a Strategy to Inhibit Replication of R5 strains of HIV-1. Proc. Nat’l. Acad. Sci. USA, 2003;100:4179-4184
Heredia A, Amoroso A, Davis C, Le N, Reardon E, Dominique JK, Klingebiel E, Gallo RC, Redfield RR. Rapamycin causes downregulation of CCR5 and accumulation of anti-HIV ß -chemokines: an approach to suppress R5 strains of HIV-1. Proc. Nat’l Acad. Sci. USA, 2003;100:10411-10416
Alonso Heredia, Charles Davis, Douty Bamba, Nhut Le, Muhammad Y. Gwarzo, Mariola Sadowska, Robert C. Gallo, Robert R. Redfield Indirubin-3’-monoxime, a derivative of a Chinese antileukemia medicine, inhibits P-TEFb function and HIV-1 replication. AIDS 2005, 19:2087-2095.